Patient Care
Here are a variety of tools to help you manage your patients’ pain. You’ll find assessments, as well as forms that you can easily customize for your practice. We’ve provided various options, so you can choose the ones that you prefer. PeaceHealth Laboratories does not endorse any specific form; we are simply providing convenient links for you.
Basically, there are five steps to pain management:
- Understand how to manage pain
- Assess the patient’s pain
- Talk with the patient about your assessment
- Keep an up-to-date chart
- Monitor for compliance
Use the the links above to navigate to each of the five steps of pain management
Understand how to manage pain
Patients in pain can be challenging. That’s why taking time to understand how to manage pain can be helpful to you, as you seek to serve your patients and improve the quality of their lives. Here’s some helpful resources:
Assess the patient’s pain
Determine if the patient suffers from chronic pain and would benefit from an opioid pain management treatment.
- Target Chronic Pain Notebook
The Pain Notebook is an easy-to-use tool to help you maintain a record of your pain and communicate your experiences. It’s an extremely useful tool when discussing levels of pain, response to treatment and improvements in functioning and side effects. Courtesy of the American Pain Foundation. - Pain Thermometer Scale
This pain assessment tool facilitates the communication of pain severity especially in older patients and those with diminished cognitive capacity and difficulty with abstract thinking. Courtesy of painknowledge.org - Wong-Baker FACES
A visual analog scale to assess pain in pediatric patients. - Brief Pain Inventory
Assesses the severity of pain and the impact of pain on daily functions. - World Health Organization’s Pain Ladder
WHO has developed a three-step “ladder” for cancer pain relief.
Talk with the patient
There are several tools to guide you in this discussion. You can also download patient education materials.
- CAGE Questionnaire
Used in Identifying Alcoholism - Current Opioid Misuse Measure (COMM)
Helps clinicians identify whether a patient, currently on long-term opioid therapy, may be exhibiting aberrant behaviors associated with misuse of opioid medications. (Free Registration Required) - Opioid Risk Tool
A brief, easy-to-use screening tool, which is administered during the initial clinical visit, enables the physician to determine a patient’s potential risk for developing aberrant behaviors when prescribed opioids for chronic pain. Courtesy of painknowledge.org - Screener & Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain (SOAPP)
A brief paper and pencil tool to facilitate assessment and planning for chronic pain patients being considered for long-term opioid treatment. (Free Registration Required) - Opioid Facts
Printable patient-education handout. Courtesy of painknowledge.org - Pain Facts
Printable patient-education handout. Courtesy of painknowledge.org
Keep a current chart
- Patient Reassessment Opioid Analgesic 4-A’s+ Chart Note
The 4-A’s+ Chart Note is a brief, easy-to-use tool for assessing patients taking opioids. Courtesy of painknowledge.org - Medication Flow Chart
Used to keep track of a patient’s prescribed medications. Courtesy of painknowledge.org - Informed Consent
Verify that the patient understands the risks and benefits of using opioids. Courtesy of painknowledge.org - Opioid Agreement Template
Patient agreement concerning opioid treatment - Exit strategy guide
If the pain management plan for a patient must be discontinued, an exit strategy should be established. Courtesy of painknowledge.org
Monitor for compliance
Promoting pain relief and preventing abuse of pain medications is a critical balancing act for clinicians. PtProtect provides an important tool to help ensure that prescription pain medications are available to the patients who need them while preventing drugs from becoming a source of harm or abuse.
Why monitor?
- Patients who use drugs of abuse are more likely to abuse pain medications and more likely to divert medications either for financial gain or to fund an addiction to legal or illegal drugs.
- Patients who use drugs of abuse are at higher risk of combining such use with the legal drugs you prescribe putting them at risk for overdoses and accidents.
- Patients taking legally prescribed controlled medications may be combining prescriptions from multiple prescribers, putting them at risk for overdoes and accidents.
PtProtect is designed to monitor patient compliances with commonly used opiates and opioids, as well as to detect common drugs of abuse.
Why would a patient not have a drug present that was prescribed?
- Non-compliance
- Diversion
- Fast metabolizer
- Drug induced metabolism (e.g. rifampin)
- Poor drug absorption (e.g. celiac disease)
- Diluted urine
Why would a patient have a drug present that was not prescribed?
- Normal opiate/opioid metabolite from a legitimate prescription
- Opiate/opioid metabolite found when high does of codeine or morphone are used
- High dose codeine can metabolize to hydrocodone
- High dose morphine can metabolize to hydromorphone
- Prescription from another physician
- Medication obtained for spouse or friend
- Illicit use of a drug obtained without a prescription
